A Permanent Solution Of A Temporary Problem - 1224 Words

â€Å"A Permanent Solution to a Temporary Problem† Hannah Smith was 14 years old when she decided she didn’t want to live anymore. She took her last breath before she hanged herself on August 2, 2013. Hannah was cyber bullied on the website Ask.fm, and her family believes the bullying triggered her suicide. The cruel messages were sent anonymously to Hannah, and some even told her to she should kill herself (Smith-Spark). Her father, David Smith , grievingly asked, â€Å"how many more teengers will kill themselves because of online abuse before something is done?† (â€Å"Hannah Smith†). Unfortunately, Hannah wasn’t the first or the last victim of suicide . Suicide was the tenth leading cause of death out of all ages in the United States of the†¦show more content†¦Learning and understanding more about the infinite causes of suicide in teens and young adults can help people prevent others from committing this dreadful act. Teenagers and young adults who suffer from mental health illnesses, such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and insomnia, are at a greater risk of suicide and suicidal thoughts (About Suicide). Megan Fickert, a sophomore at Fairmount High school, killed herself after suffering from depression since fifth grade. Her mother, Michelle Fox, reflected, â€Å"Megan has been sick for years, and I’ve been trying to get her help for years.† Her family assured bullying wasn’t a factor. Her brother, Kevin Fickert, pondered â€Å"Nobody really knows why. We’ll never know† (McCarthy). About 95% of people who die by suicide have a psychological disorder -- such as depression -- at the time of death (About Suicide). Depression is a mental disorder that affects more than 20 million people in the United States. The symptoms of depression are: sadness, loss of interest or pleasure in activities on use to enjoy, change in weight, difficulty in sleepin g or oversleeping, energy, feeling of worthlessness, and thoughts of death or suicide (â€Å"Depression...†). Depression is not just caused by one sole reason, but from several factors which vary from person to person. Major life changes -- such as the death of a loved one, a divorce,

Mental Health Treatment And Rehabilitation - 1624 Words

About 18.1 percent of the adult US population, or about 43.6 million adults, are diagnosed with a mental illness in any given year (â€Å"Any Mental Illness† n.d.). The insights and expertise that social workers in the mental health field can provide are needed now more than ever. The following four agencies specialize in mental health treatment and rehabilitation. The Adult Mental Health Division (AMHD) of the State of Hawaii Department of Mental Health serves adults who require counseling services, those who have been diagnosed with a serious mental illness, adults who have been court ordered to treatment, victims of a natural disaster or terrorism, and those who are in crisis (â€Å"Access to Services† n.d.). They also offer a 24-hour crisis hotline for those that live in the state of Hawaii. Their mission is to â€Å"provide a comprehensive, integrated mental health system supporting the recovery of adults with severe mental illness† (â€Å"Mission, Vision, Core Values† n.d.). The services offered are provided through state owned and operated facilities such as community mental health centers and the Hawaii State Hospital. They also provide services through contracted private providers. AMHD also offers a diverse range of services including mental health education, rehabilitation in mental health centers, in-patient hospital services, court referrals, child and adolescent family-focused treatment, and developmental disability assistance (â€Å"About Department of Health† n.d.). Of theseShow MoreRelatedNational Institute Of Mental Health Services893 Words   |  4 Pagesfunding for the vocational rehabilitation programs through the State VR Agency. The State VR Agency is created in every State to assist mentally ill individuals achieve their employment goals. This agency can influence the parent agency, DOL, by developing policies for implementing effective job training and placement services. 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Indian Health Services (IHS) isRead MoreThe Department Of Veterans Affairs889 Words   |  4 PagesThe Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is a health care system that offers programs to benefit veterans and their families. Benefits include, but are not limited compensation payments for disabilities or death related to military service, pensions, education, health care and rehabilitation. The Department of Veteran Affairs functions as the nation’s largest integrated health care system, with more than 1,700 hospitals, clinics, community living centers, domiciliary, readjustment counseling centersRead MoreThe Incarceration Of Prison Incarceration1288 Words   |  6 Pagesdeserving of it and see no need to offer them (prisoners) help. While there are some prisons that offer rehabilitation in forms such as educational programs, psychiatric treatment and various others, they are largely not implemented in prisons across the country. 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For the last half-centuryRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Mental Illness1594 Words   |  7 PagesThe Death Penalty and Mental Illness Receiving the death penalty is the worst and final penalty that the United States Justice System can administer, especially for those who are mentally ill. Many Americans are questioning the morality of executing mentally ill convicts, as well as the validity of the death penalty itself. These are the questions Americans should be asking, or at least putting some thought into. One might be surprised at how much knowledge one has about the death penalty and veryRead MoreThe Effects Of Incarceration On The United States Of America978 Words   |  4 Pagesregards to prison population; only in recent years has the rate of incarceration changed course, tracking a slow, steady downward trail. Incarceration is supposed to be punishment as rehabilitation, yet it has become the primary response to crime. 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Analyzing the Health Star Rating System

Question: Describe about the Analyzing the Health Star Rating System. Answer: Introduction The labeling of foods is the chief source of educating the public on consumable goods during sales as it shows the image and characteristics of the product (Watson, Kelly, Hector, Hughes, King, Crawford, Chapman, 2014). Therefore providing information on nutrition acts as an empowerment tool to help consumers arrive at important decisions to improve the problems that affect their health and lifestyle. The aforementioned issues led to the formation of a health star rating system (HSR) in Australia to enhance the comparison of nutrition values and individual food products (Hieke Taylor, 2012). This system operates on a voluntary dimension and s industry oriented, dependable on the awareness of production firms, attitude, benefits, risks, and opportunities an organization may accrue in the long run. The health star rating system functions by offering a grading scale from half a star to 5 stars and provides a fast, cheap and standard way in which to compare packed food that is similar. The more the stars a product has, the healthier and safer a choice it was, hence giving consumers informed choices on food, and that improve the nutritional value (Miller Cassady, 2012). The system contains news on energy icons, saturated and unsaturated fats, sugar and salt and the importance of fiber. The functions of the health star system are to formulate additional foods for children, sports and for purposes of medicine (Vandevijvere Swinburn, 2015). It is majorly designed for use in packed foods excluding the likes of kava and alcohol. Additionally, drinks such as tea and coffee do not have a system for health star rising and works best in alternative similar foods (Gunja Brown, 2012). Analysis of the Health Star Rating System The Health Star Rating system is a component of three parts namely declaration of energy, nutrients, and grading. Therefore assessment seeks to identify the loopholes, advantages, disadvantages and possible solutions of the applicability of this system to the citizens of Australia. Furthermore, it highlights the laws and provisions that regulate and safeguard its implementation, and it mainly has impacts on the industries, consumers, and the government. In understanding the effects of this scheme, it is important to know the key elements of the health star rating system which are: Rating which involve the appraisal of food products and nutrients. Rating is usually done from a grade of one and a half to 5. Declaration of energy for average food products. The levels of saturated and unsaturated fats are analyzed and regulated through proper grading of energy levels needed in the declaration of energy. Statement of the contents in nutrients such as sugars and fats. These include the quotations of the percentages of sugar and fat levels in the standardized meals. Australian Health Laws Providing For the Health Star Rating System The following acts provide for the rating of healthy food in accordance with the prescribed nutritional standards in Australia. In addition to the food standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ), the following acts also incorporate the rating of food to guarantee proper health conditions amongst individuals. The Legislative and Governance Forum on Food Regulation which proposed a Front-of-Pack Labelling (FoPL). Australian Guide to Healthy Eating Australian Dietary Guidelines Forum on Food Regulation Australian Beverages Council Australian Chronic Disease Prevention Alliance Australian Food and Grocery Council Australian Industry Group Australian Medical Association Australian National Retail Association Obesity Policy Coalition Public Health Association of Australia Positive Implications of the Health Star Rating System Since its implementation, the health star rating system has witnessed many positive performances, medically, socially and to consumers (Hersey, Wohlgenant, Arsenault, Kosa, Muth, 2013). Facilitated the Identification and reduction of chronic diseases Chronic diseases are those which last for a long time, three months or more, and cannot be prevented by vaccines. Chronic diseases such as cancer, obesity and diabetes have been reduced and to a larger extent prevented through the labeling of products to provide consumers with easy, healthier and safe eating habits (Lorig, Ritter, Plant, Laurent, Kelly, Rowe, 2013). Therefore a nutritional label only has positive effects on health and diet provided consumers utilize them effectively in food decision making as per the obesity policy coalition and the Australian Chronic Disease Prevention Alliance. Enhancing identification of healthier products by consumers A good health rating system, according to Australian Guide to Healthy Eating, is used in the identification of healthy products that are consumable by buyers and the general public. According to an observation from a worker in a food industry in Australia, buyers usually prefer messages that are easy to understand to relying on complex information from the panel of nutrition (Chen, Ou, Hollis, 2013). The program is cost effective The cost of the scheme does not affect the consumers but directly translates to the industry and government which increases its reliability reliable (Andrews, Levy, Lo, 2014). Furthermore, indirect costs have been identified and separately handled on a different dimension as a means of executing the health star rating of products. With a view to costs on the execution of the products, they are directly incurred and include the costs of changing label product, design, package, and labor. Led to improved behaviors by industries Australian Industry Group has improved the behavioral approaches by industries in the manner of looking into the costs of labeling, which are pushed by numerous factors. These factors include labels in terms of quantities, costs of labor and process management and the timeframe available in effecting the changes (Hawley, Roberto, Bragg, Liu, Schwartz, Brownell, 2013). This way the system becomes useful to the operations of the industries as it reduces the costs of production. Promotion of an official health marketing process Through the Forum on Food Regulation, healthy marketing processes are identified and noticed According to businesses already involved in the marketing of their health products, the health star rating has assured them of their health status. This is because they frequently assume that all products have high grading and that consumers are made aware of the mandates of the government to this system. Enhancement of good perceptions by consumers This positivity was in light of the opinion of food health businesses that claimed the existence of customer bases supports the voluntary and early acceptance of the health star ratings (Newman, Howlett, Burton, 2014). Moreover, this early adoption elevates the value and name of brands of these businesses. Increased the possibility of opening up new markets Contradicting the opinions of consumers interviewed on the nature of the health rating systems of complexity in information, conclusions have been drawn that HSR system facilitates customers decisions. This provides a chance specifically to those customers who are not familiar with the information provided by the nutrition panels, resulting in an increase in higher star products marketable as alternatives that are healthier (McLean, Hoek, Hedderley, 2012). Creates an opportunity for products reformulation An interview with three workers in the health food sector pointed out on the fact that the HSR system could serve them better in reformulating their baked goods so as to improve their star ratings. In improving their ratings, they lower the levels of sugar and fats contents to improve health status (Andrews, Lin, Levy, Lo, 2014). Negative Implications of the Health Star Rating System This section analyses the negative influence health rating system has had on the public, industries, and consumers, and seeks to propose possible solutions to remedy the situation. The negative impact on small businesses Small business lacks information on the HSR system which explains the phenomenon of low voluntary adoption. The system has to provide information to customers and owners of businesses to avoid misinterpretation and misunderstanding regarding their role in ensuring good health practices. Additionally, these businesses lack the technical know-how on evaluating their ratings hence the need for proper communication and liaise with the food innovation Australia limited. HSR system adoption cost is high for small businesses, as a result, reduces affordability, limiting their scope of operations and market servable within a specific time. The negative impact on industries The adoption and usability in the running of industries such as processing and manufacturing industries have witnessed a lot of change over time due to the problems it faces. Additional costs manifest themselves in restocking, rush orders that lead to price premiums and discarded materials for labeling (Grunert, Bolton, Raats, 2012). Associated risks and costs of HSR systems The risks of the HSR system is usually high in the execution stage unlike during its formation where investments for rating calculations and changing labels are made (Gunja Brown, 2012). These risks include affecting the value of the brand of a company and loss of markets, leading to non-adoption of the system in the long run. Negative implications on the consumers The probability of consumers ignoring this system is high because their choices will be based on price and taste rather than health effects. Additionally, there will occur a decline in demand for products sold as some businesses do not believe in the role of HSR in dictating preferences of the consumers (Morley, Scully, Martin, Niven, Dixon Wakefield, 2013). Reduced value of the brand Small businesses highlighted the importance of their branding of products as it gives them a competitive edge over other businesses in the market. Subsequent application of HSR system reduces the worth of their product lowering the usability. Prone to human error Due to the confusing nature of calculation of HSR rating standards, small businesses have raised concerns that errors can be made when evaluating their products, resulting in misinterpretation of the nutrition levels of their goods. Systems are often prone to change and as a result, this HSR is no exception in the contemporary setting as humans can easily alter its operation ability. The reduction of the life of a product For organizations dealing with delicate products in the market, there are high risks of losing value and life of products, herby impacting negatively on the lasting ability and product quality (Devi, Eyles, Rayner, Mhurchu, Swinburn, Lonsdale-Cooper, Vandevijvere, 2014). Lack of a consistent system for application Participants in the HSR system observed there lacked a consistent and standard applicable system in arriving at an agreement. Furthermore, a worker in NGO witnessed the difficulty in balancing between understanding and the complex nature of the food (Hughes, Wellard, Lin, Suen, Chapman, 2013).there should be a consistent, persistent and harmonized structure all across Australia to be applied in the rating of foods and drinks. Little evidence available There is little facts showing the effects of labeling in eating habits as founded by participants in the organization.to show the impact of labeling systems on overall eating patterns was noted by two NGO participants. This presents a challenge and frustrates the evaluation of the effects of health rating system on people since its implementation and as a result, statistics cannot be gathered to improve performance. The problem of categorization of food This problem was stated by a food industry, claiming it was hard to determine the least standards needed for quality food, and that brands are large and jumping between them is an uphill task (Newman, Howlett, Burton, 2014). It is difficult to categorize food basing on the percentages and grading scales prescribed by the health rating system since people's choices on food is influenced by a majority of factors such as financial capabilities and taste. The clash in values and cultures It was noted that however much the objectives of an organization solely lies in the making of profits, an employee has to improve their living standards.as a result, this clashes with HSR goal of improving the nutrition of individuals as the industry seeks to be responsible socially while realizing profits. Occasionally the choices of meals by people is influenced by their cultural practices and what their traditions demand, as some food are considered capable of translating to better health conditions by mere consumption. Recommendations to the challenges The following measures are applicable in helping to solve these challenges (Graham, Orquin, Visschers, 2012). Consultations with numerous stakeholders, specifically food industries Identification and agreement of criteria and objectives of nutrition labeling Consideration of the risks and costs of the industry, and that a newly proposed system enhances value and increases the health capacity of foods. Educating the public about the health star rating system, and that having a useful project is indispensable to the community in general. Conclusion In conclusion, the health star rating system should be a voluntary process to all industries, consumers and organizations. This is because of the nature of its positive and negative impacts on the industries to help in remedying the situation. Furthermore, there is a need for education and the sensitization of the public on the needed nutrition labels in both rural and urban settings as a means of evaluating the effectivity of HRS system as explained above. Therefore it is rightful to say that majority of Australians lack awareness on the health star rating system. Additionally, a high number of people appreciate the concept of stars in the scheme, which dictates that the more the stars the healthier and better a product is for consumption and the fewer the star the less safe it is. Indeed people who have purchased and utilized products which are regulated by HSR have confirmed its benefits. Amongst the many benefits therein, instilling a positive consumer behavior, improvement of choices and strengthening beliefs of people are the main standouts. Furthermore, there are new fields of research in relation to men feeding habits and awareness of the HSR and the communicating techniques, research indicated that comparisons from different categories is not admissible and should not be continued with. References Andrews, J. C., Lin, C. T. J., Levy, A. S., Lo, S. (2014). Consumer research needs from the food and drug administration on front-of-package nutritional labeling. Journal of Public Policy Marketing, 33(1), 10-16. Chen, J., Ou, L., Hollis, S. J. (2013). A systematic review of the impact of routine collection of patient reported outcome measures on patients, providers and health organizations in an oncologic setting. BMC health services research, 13(1), 1. Devi, A., Eyles, H., Rayner, M., Mhurchu, C. N., Swinburn, B., Lonsdale-Cooper, E., Vandevijvere, S. (2014). Nutritional quality, labelling and promotion of breakfast cereals on the New Zealand market. Appetite, 81, 253-260. Graham, D. J., Orquin, J. L., Visschers, V. H. (2012). Eye tracking and nutrition label use: A review of the literature and recommendations for label enhancement. Food Policy, 37(4), 378-382. Grunert, K. G., Bolton, L. E., Raats, M. M. (2012). Processing and acting on nutrition labeling on food. Transformative consumer research for personal and collective well-being, 26, 333. Gunja, N., Brown, J. A. (2012). Energy drinks: health risks and toxicity. Med J Aust, 196(1), 46-49. Hawley, K. L., Roberto, C. A., Bragg, M. A., Liu, P. J., Schwartz, M. B., Brownell, K. D. (2013). The science on front-of-package food labels. Public health nutrition, 16(03), 430-439. Hersey, J. C., Wohlgenant, K. C., Arsenault, J. E., Kosa, K. M., Muth, M. K. (2013). Effects of front-of-package and shelf nutrition labeling systems on consumers. Nutrition reviews, 71(1), 1-14. Hieke, S., Taylor, C. R. (2012). A critical review of the literature on nutritional labeling. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 46(1), 120-156. Hughes, C., Wellard, L., Lin, J., Suen, K. L., Chapman, K. (2013). Regulating health claims on food labels using nutrient profiling: what will the proposed standard mean in the Australian supermarket? Public health nutrition, 16(12), 2154-2161. Lorig, K., Ritter, P. L., Plant, K., Laurent, D. D., Kelly, P., Rowe, S. (2013). The South Australia health chronic disease self-management Internet trial. Health Education Behavior, 40(1), 67-77. Maubach, N., Hoek, J., Mather, D. (2014). Interpretive front-of-pack nutrition labels. Comparing competing recommendations. Appetite, 82, 67-77. McLean, R., Hoek, J., Hedderley, D. (2012). Effects of alternative label formats on choice of high-and low-sodium products in a New Zealand population sample. Public health nutrition, 15(05), 783-791. Miller, L. M. S., Cassady, D. L. (2012). Making healthy food choices using nutrition facts panels. The roles of knowledge, motivation, dietary modifications goals, and age. Appetite, 59(1), 129-139. Morley, B., Scully, M., Martin, J., Niven, P., Dixon, H., Wakefield, M. (2013). What types of nutrition menu labelling lead consumers to select less energy-dense fast food? An experimental study. Appetite, 67, 8-15. Newman, C. L., Howlett, E., Burton, S. (2014). Shopper response to front-of-package nutrition labeling programs: potential consumer and retail store benefits. Journal of Retailing, 90(1), 13-26. Ng, S. W., Popkin, B. M. (2012). Monitoring foods and nutrients sold and consumed in the United States: dynamics and challenges. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 112(1), 41. Sisson, S. B., Campbell, J. E., May, K. B., Brittain, D. R., Monroe, L. A., Guss, S. H., Ladner, J. L. (2012). Assessment of food, nutrition, and physical activity practices in Oklahoma child-care centers. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 112(8), 1230-1240. Swinburn, B., Wood, A. (2013). Progress on obesity prevention over 20 years in Australia and New Zealand. Obesity Reviews, 14(S2), 60-68. Vandevijvere, S., Swinburn, B. (2015). Getting serious about protecting New Zealand children against unhealthy food marketing. NZ Med J, 128(1417), 36-40. Watson, W. L., Kelly, B., Hector, D., Hughes, C., King, L., Crawford, J. ... Chapman, K. (2014). Can front-of-pack labelling schemes guide healthier food choices? Australian shoppers responses to seven labelling formats. Appetite, 72, 90-97.

To what extent was the Third Crusade a defeat for the Latin’s Essay Example Essay Example

To what extent was the Third Crusade a defeat for the Latin’s Essay Example Paper To what extent was the Third Crusade a defeat for the Latin’s Essay Introduction The Third Crusade was fought from 1189 to 1192. It is commonly seen as a failure and its achievement as Mayer argues was â€Å"a modest one†. Its dealing with the internal politics had been weak and is territorial gain minimal. The crusade failed to re-capture Jerusalem and thus failed in its papal sanctioned role. However historians such as Riley-Smith, Runicmen and Gillingham have argued otherwise. The territorial gains although small had secured a re-birth of crusader influence in the Holy Land, the Muslim expansion had been brought to heel if only for a short time, in terms of deliverance of men to the east it was superb and victories on the battlefield had been both a military and moral triumph.The re-capture of Jerusalem had been the primary goal of the crusade. Its importance lay in its strong connection with the Christian faith and its tradition al association with the crusading movement, dating back to the First Crusade. Jerusalem however was never liberated. Its geog raphical position apart from the coastal crusader cities and thus its depth into the Muslim territory had always prevented the city from being maintained after its capture. The failure to re-capture Jerusalem had perhaps been the crusade’s greatest failure.Although in terms of politics negotiations with the Muslims had been fairly successful, internal crusader politics had been quite the opposite. The inherent political instability, which had plagued feudal Europe, was no less different in the Holy Land. This can be seen in the dealings of Kingship of the crusader states. It was decided that Guy was to remain king until his death whereby Conrad de Montfereet would then inherit the throne. They were both to share royal revenues and Conrad was to hole a large northern county consisting of Tyre and if he should recover it, Sidon. However Conrad, the French crusaders and the local barons, none of whom had ever really accepted the 1191 compromise, constantly challenged this. It ha d thus resulted in direct negotiations with Saladin and a failed attempt to seize Acre for Conrad. The inability to accept a king resulted in disputes amongst the crusader states to reach their peak. In his management of politics Richard had failed, he was as Riley-Smith writes, â€Å"not nearly as successful in local politics as he was on the battlefield.†Despite Richard’s return from the Holy Land in 1192, the Third Crusade had spawned an epilogue crusade under taken by the Holy Roman Empire under the leadership of Henry VI. Under Henry the Germans were able to take Sidon and thus restore the land connection between the kingdom of Jerusalem and the county of Tripoli. However the premature death of Henry VI in 1197 brought the crusade to an abrupt end. Only two cities had been captured and by the end only Sidon could be kept by agreement. The crusade of Henry VI had thus been a failure due to his unexpected death.The failure of the Latin forces however was not total. For instance despite fighting few major battles the Latin’s victory on the battlefield had been fairly impressive. Arsuf for example has been seen as the major military success of the Third Crusade. Fought in 1192 the battle was not however as great a successful as it was initially thought to be. Although the Muslims had been routed, the casualties on each side were roughly equal. It is highly likely therefore that Saladin’s forces could have attacked the next day. Nevertheless the battles was won by the Christians and proved to be a great moral victory. Runciman has argued that the battle was â€Å"not decisive, but had been a great moral victory for the Christians.† Indeed the success at Arsuf had meant that Richard was able to enhance his reputation as being a great leader and general not only to his men but also the enemy. More importantly the victory brought for Saladin personal and public humiliation. The invincibility of Saladin’s forces since the battle of Hattin had thus been destroyed. The battle of Arsuf had therefore been a success for the Latin’s not only on the battlefield but also in terms of crusader morale.Fought in 1192 the battle of Jaffa secured the Latin’s dominance in the battlefield. In it’s recapture the Latin’s had displayed a brilliant strike surprisingly from the coast but more impressive had been its defence. Defending with very few troops and no cavalry, Richard was able to push back a much larger army. The battle had been as Riley Smith describes, â€Å"a superb victory†. Jaffa, more so than any other battle, demonstrates the military success of the Latins on crusade.The survival of the crusader states had been vital to the success of the crusade. By 1187 only the three coastal towns of Tripoli, Antioch and Tyre remained under Christian control. Without a Christian stronghold in the area it would be near impossible for the future crusaders to establish any sort of Lati n presence in the area. For what it was the re-establishment of the crusader cities had been very successful. No better an example can be seen that the capture of Acre on 12th July 1191.Perhaps the most successful of all the territorial gains was the re-capture of Acre. It’s capture yielded not only an important moral victory for the Christians but also a significant material gain. The Muslim source, Bah’ad-din recorded contents, its ships and military stores, which contained all the military equipment from Palestine, Jerusalem, Damascus, Aleppo and Egypt. In addition to this the term gained by it’s surrender were two hundred thousand gold pieces paid to the Franks, and extra one hundred for Conrad personally and fifteen thousand Christian prisoners, with one hundred of rank, liberated.The conquest of Acre was therefore successful not only in it’s strategic position as a major fortified coastal city, but also sheer amounts of resources it provided. Despit e this the victory was not a successful as first appears. Mayer has discussed that; â€Å"the losses during the siege had been heavy† which is indeed true. Deaths included Queen Sibylla, Patriarch Eractius, five Arch Bishops, six bishops, four abbots, a prior, an archdeacon, two dukes, a landgrave, ten counts, three viscounts and thirty great nobles. The chaplain of Baldwin also writes, â€Å"on the 25th 1190 more than 4000 foot soldiers were slain by the Turks.† The success of Acre had perhaps bee exaggerated. Although, it is true that it was captures and subsequently a great amount of wealth came from it, it had been at the cost of a significant number of lives, both noble and common.It is commonly agreed by the leading crusader figures, that Richard’s capture of Cyprus in May 1191 was a key victory for the crusaders. Prior to the crusade the island of Cyprus had claimed its independence from the Byzantine Empire under its leader Isaac Ducus Comenus. His subse quent hostility towards the crusaders on their arrival warranted a total conquest of the island by Richard. The Intinerarrium records that â€Å"He [Richard] had found castles crammed with treasures and wealth of every kind.† The conquest had as Gillingham writes â€Å"reaped tremendous awards. Richard was able to gain vast amounts of booty which the previous ruler Ducus Comenus had bee storing during his reign.† In addition to this, Richard was further able to impose a fifty percent capital levy on every Cypriot. The conquest of Cyprus had thus been fiscally a tremendous success.The strategic position of Cyprus had been vital to the crusade. The superior numbers of the Muslim forces in Outremer had forced the Christians to rely heavily on sea power. Given this the crusader lands had been supported by the men and supplies ferried across the Mediterranean by the fleets of Venice, Pisa and Genoa. The Acquisition of Cyprus meant that the long journey across the Mediterran ean had been significantly shortened. The Christians could now use Cyprus as a supply depot for further action in Outremer. Cyprus also held political success. For instance being a rebel of the Byzantine Empire, it is likely that the previous leader, Ducus Comenus would have allied with the Muslims, given the new rise in Islamic power on the Palestine, Syrian coast. The deposition of Comenus thus removed any potential threat from Cyprus. Furthermore, we can see that in the short-term Cyprus provided Richard with a political bargaining tool.The amount of men and support for the Third Crusade was never to be accomplished again. In terms of organisation the deliverance of manpower and material resources to the east was as Riley-Smith writes, â€Å"remarkable†. This can be seen for instance in the organisation of Emperor Frederick’s army. In a fairly short time Frederick had been able to consolidate an estimated army of 10,000 to go on crusade. Although this was most likel y an exaggeration, the army was by no doubt very large and thus shows the high level of coordination and management involved in the crusade. This is also shown in both Richard’s and Philip Augustus’ armies. Although there is no way of obtaining an accurate assessment of the size of the armies, Richard’s twenty five ships that landed in Outremer does give some indication of the scale of troops sent to the east. Indeed no such amount of troops under so many leaders would ever leave on crusade again.The end 0f 1192 saw the signing of a peace treaty. For the Christians it was on the whole very reasonable. The coastal cities as far down as Jaffa were to remain in Christian hands and pilgrims would be allowed to freely visit the Holy Land. Furthermore, after the treat it was allowed by Saladin that two Latin priests and two deacons could serve the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem and at Bethlehem and Nazareth. However Ascalon, which had been the chief bone of contention th roughout the various negotiations was to have its fortifications dismantled and returned to Saladin. The treaty had therefore been highly successful for the Latins as it allowed all new conquered lands to be kept and passages into the holy places was granted.The Third Crusade appears at first sight to have been a failure. Muslim expansion in the later twelfth century had seen an almost total Islamic domination of Egypt, Palestine and Syria. In terms of territory that Third Crusade had made very little difference to this. Only the coastal cities down to Jaffa had been conquered and secured. These however would only survive for another hundred years. Local politics may had been dealt with inefficiently although this was more down to the territorial values of the nobles in medieval society. Only once Henry had married Isabella, Conrad de Monferret’s widow, had the problem been solved. The epilogue crusade of Henry VI saw little success either. Due to Henry’s premature dea th the Latins had only been able to secure one city. The failure to recapture Jerusalem was the Latin’s greatest failure. However this outward defeat is not entirely accurate. The Latins in truth had made significant achievements in the Holy Land.Although the east was still chiefly in Muslim hands, the crusaders had achieved a re-birth of Christian Outremer, and secured it. The Islamic expansion had not been stopped but it had been halted. On the battlefield the Latins found continued success. Although not as decisive as some sources recorded, the battle of Arsuf and the defence of Jaffa were both brilliant moral and military victories. The acquisition of territory, however slight, proved to be very successful in the resources gained. The conquest of Cyprus and the liberation of Acre demonstrate this. In its failure to recapture Jerusalem and pacify the Islamic threat in the east, the Third Crusade had failed. However given the difficult position of the Christians, it is as G illingham writes, â€Å"amazing that they achieved as much as they did.† To what extent was the Third Crusade a defeat for the Latin’s Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

The First Ammendment essays

The First Ammendment essays When we read the constitution, it states our rights to exercise religion, and free speech. I feel the Pledge is a good thing to say. It shows that you support our country. When I stand and say the Pledge, my heart starts to beat fast. I think of all of my relatives that have fought in the wars and all that have given their lives to give our country freedom. The Pledge dates back 110 years ago. A man by the name of Francis Bellamy wrote it in August of 1892. Bellamy was a minister. Bellamy believed the middle class should have an economy with equality, social, and political for all. On October 12, 1892, 12 million children read the Pledge to our flag. That was the beginning of our Pledge (World Book4). Although, Francis Bellamy originally wrote the Pledge, it was changed over time. His original version went as follows: I pledge Allegiance to my Flag and the Republic for which it stands, one nation, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all(Baer1). A couple of years after the pledge was written, there were several groups that adjusted the Pledge to their liking. The groups were the American Legion and the Daughters of the American Revolution. From the original copy they changed my flag to the flag of the United States (Baer1). In 1954, the Knights of Columbus added under God to the pledge (Baer1). Congress starts out their sessions with the same statement, God save the United States, and the honorable court. When judges are sworn in, they have to say, so help me God. Even our money is printed, In God we Trust (Capital Hill5). These symbols all have God in them, and are used by everyone in the world. Just because something has the word God written or stamped on it, does not mean that you stop using it. During an informal survey, the general population support reciting the Pledge at school. More than 50%of the peopl...

Thank You Note Definition and Writing Tips

Thank You Note Definition and Writing Tips A thank-you note is a type of correspondence in which the writer expresses gratitude for a gift, service, or opportunity. Personal thank-you notes are customarily handwritten on cards. Business-related thank-you notes are usually typed on company letterhead, but they, too, may be handwritten. Basic Elements of a Thank-You Note [The] basic elements for writing a thank-you note should include: Address the individual(s), using a  salutation  or greeting. . . .Say thank you.Identify the gift (be certain to get this one right. It does not look good to thank Mr. and Mrs. Smith for the lingerie when they sent you a toaster.)Express how you feel about the gift and what it will be used for.Add a personal note or message.Sign your thank-you note. Within this framework, there is a great deal of latitude. When preparing to write a note, sit for a moment and consider your relationship with the person to whom you are writing. Is it intimate and personal? Is it someone you know as an acquaintance? Are you writing to a complete stranger? This should dictate the tone of your writing. (Gabrielle Goodwin and David Macfarlane, Writing Thank-You Notes: Finding the Perfect Words. Sterling, 1999) Six Steps to Writing a Personal Thank-You Note [1]Dear Aunt Dee, [2]Thank you so much for the great new duffel bag. [3]I cant wait to use it in my spring break cruise. The bright orange is just perfect. Not only is it my favorite color (you know that!), but Ill be able to spot my bag a mile away! Thanks for such a fun, personal, and really useful gift! [4]Im really looking forward to seeing you when I get back. Ill come over to show you pictures from the trip! [5]Thanks again for always thinking of me. [6]Love, Maggie [1] Greet the recipient. [2] Clearly state why you are writing. [3] Elaborate on why you are writing. [4] Build the relationship. [5] Restate why you are writing. [6] Give your regards. (Angela Ensminger and Keeley Chace, Note-worthy: A Guide to Writing Great Personal Notes. Hallmark, 2007) Thank-You Note Following a Job Interview An essential job-seeking technique, as well as a gesture of courtesy, is to thank the person who interviews you. Write a note immediately after the interview and before a decision has been made. State what you liked about the interview, the company, the position. Emphasize briefly and specifically your suitability for the job. Address concerns about your qualifications that came up during the interview. Mention any issue that you didnt have the opportunity to discuss. If you felt you misspoke or left the wrong impression, this is where you can correct your interviewbut be brief and subtle. You dont want to remind the interviewer of a weak point. (Rosalie Maggio, How to Say It: Choice Words, Phrases, Sentences, and Paragraphs for Every Situation, 3rd ed. Penguin, 2009) Thank-You Notes to College Admission Offices Call it a testament to how carefully students court college admissions offices these days: Thank-you notes have become the new frontier. . . . Miss Manners, Judith Martin, who writes a syndicated etiquette column that runs in more than 200 newspapers, says she, for one, does not think thanks are needed for a campus visit: I would never, ever say, Don’t write a thank-you note under any circumstances. I don’t want to discourage them. But it is not really a situation that is mandatory. Still, some admissions advisers [disagree]. It seems like a small thing, but I tell my students that every contact with the college contributes to their perception of you, said Patrick J. O’Connor, director of college counseling at the private Roeper School in Birmingham, Mich. (Karen W. Arenson, Thank-You Note Enters College Admission Game. The New York Times, Oct. 9, 2007) A CEOs Thank-You Notes Dear Bloomberg Businessweek Friends, Thank you for asking my perspective on writing thank you notes. In my 10 years as President and CEO of Campbell Soup Company, I sent out over 30,000 notes to our 20,000 employees. I found it was a powerful way to reinforce our strategies, to let our employees know we were paying attention and to let them know that we cared. I kept my notes short (50-70 words) and to the point. They celebrated accomplishments and contributions of real significance. They were virtually all handwritten to make the communication more authentic and personal. It is a practice that I highly recommend. Good luck! Doug (Douglas Conant, Write a Thank-You Note. Bloomberg Businessweek, Sep. 22, 2011) Thank-You Note to Anita Hill Anita Hill, I want to personally thank you for what you did for us twenty years ago. Thank you for speaking up and speaking out. Thank you for your quiet dignity, your eloquence and elegance, your grace under pressure. Thank you for illuminating the complexities of female powerlessness and for explaining why you didn’t complain when the offense first occurred, and for describing how cowed and coerced a woman can feel when she’s hit upon by a man who controls her economic destiny. . . . (Letty Cottin Pogrebin, A Thank-You Note to Anita Hill. The Nation, Oct. 24, 2011)

American economic issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American economic issues - Essay Example Because debt plays such an integral part in the economy, it must be measured appropriately to convey the long-term impacts it brings forth. Currently, the national debt held by the public is over $13 trillion, which is around 74 percent of the country’s economy, as measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Fisanick, 2010). The gross debt, which includes money owed to other parts of the federal government, is over $18 trillion. The National debt has accumulated to that because, over the last 40 years, the federal government has generally spent more than it collected in revenue. When this occurs, the government must borrow money to cover the difference. The government borrows by selling securities such as treasury bonds, then agreeing to bondholders back with interest. Over time this borrowing accumulates into the national debt. Presence of a National debt in the economy directly affects the public in the following ways: The high cost of living: High debt levels mean higher inte rest rates on everything from credit cards to mortgage loans. Since incomes do not rise at the same rate as interest rates, what follows is a pinch in consumer pockets as goods and services become more expensive. Slower wage growth: In times of high debt and high-interest rates, every dollar an investor spends buying government debt is a dollar not invested elsewhere in the economy, hence slower economic growth. Reduced fiscal flexibility: The debt levels doubled between 2008 and 2013, as a response to the 2008 financial crisis.