Required High School Exit Exams

Required High School Exit Exams Free Online Research Papers Passing evaluations just doesn’t ensure graduation and a secondary school certificate any longer in numerous state funded schools the country over. To guarantee that understudies who get secondary school recognitions meet fundamental necessities of scholarly capability and employment availability, numerous states the country over have embraced the leave tests that understudies must go so as to graduate and get a certificate. State leave tests are frequently founded on tenth grade capability gauges; a couple of states adjusted their tests to the eighth and ninth grade levels and some others to the eleventh and twelfth grade levels (www.cep-dc.org August 2006). The quantity of states that are executing this law is on the ascent all through the United States. The secondary school leave test covers aptitudes in language expressions and math. There are a few blended emotions on whether secondary school leave tests ought to be required both positive and negative. These blended emoti ons originate from various sorts of individuals, for example, understudies, guardians, educators and even government officials. Alongside these leave test comes debate, shrouded cost, and the potential outcomes of drop out rates soaring to record lows. The over all expectations of this law are set to support understudies and set them up for the future in the â€Å"real world† as we some of the time allude to life after secondary school. There have been certain results from states that have executed the law that expects understudies to breeze through their secondary school leave tests so as to graduate and get a secondary school certificate. As indicated by the Center on Education strategy (CED) around 90 percent of secondary school seniors at last finish the assessment, albeit a high level of understudies bomb the first occasion when they take it (Kavan Peterson, Stateline.org, 2005). There are numerous ways for understudies to get ready for these secondary school leave tests to incorporate, planning books, sites and extra mentoring by secondary schools. The normal leave test is lined up with the tenth grade instruction level. The understudies can step through the exam up to multiple times during their secondary school years, which offers a lot of chances and ought to be no issue for secondary school seniors to pass. It is questionable that the secondary school leave tests are essential all together get a certificat e, however it additionally assists with keeping up its incentive as scholastic accomplishment. By setting these guidelines the estimation of recognitions will be solid for bosses and establishments of higher realizing, which use them as pointers of the ownership of essential abilities to play out a particular work. As I expressed before states are giving various open doors so as to assist understudies with breezing through the secondary school leave tests. At times Arizona, Washington, and Maryland have extended their substitute ways so as to help understudies that are battling to breeze through the leave test. A portion of the choices offered are replacement of SAT and ACT scores, getting credit toward test scores for agreeable course evaluations, waivers and claims process. There are right now twenty subject tests separated of the SAT, all of which fall under the general subjects of English, history, math, science, and dialects. A few states permit understudies to utilize their leave tests regardless of whether they have moved from another state. Out of the 25 expresses that as of now require or are requiring exit tests, more than 33% offer remediation to understudies just as attempting to locate the best sort of remediation to be generally gainful to the understudy. Where as California has almost significantly increased it’s spending; to help remediate understudies who have bombed the test. The usage of secondary school leave tests could propel schools to all the more likely serve the understudies and their instructive needs in this way; by actualizing the secondary school leave test schools could see the quantity of secondary school graduates increment. As an ever increasing number of states receive the secondary school leave test, schools are attempting to adjust their educational program to the tests so as to plan understudies for the test when the opportunity arrives. By executing these secondary school leave tests it not just gets ready understudies for work availability and higher learning, however it calls attention to specific regions where understudies have insufficiencies, in this way, assisting with improving and spotlight on the more powerful instruction educational program. While there are numerous individuals supporting the secondary school leave tests, there are many restricting the secondary school leave test as a prerequisite so as to graduate and get a certificate? Adversaries of the secondary school leave test necessity, gripe that the test will drive effectively low graduation rates even lower. Pundits feel that it is in a general sense unreasonable to deny understudies their secondary school recognition in the wake of finishing thirteen-long stretches of school. In view of the secondary school leave tests numerous understudies who have wanted to go to school or seek after a military vocation don't have that alternative except if they effectively breeze through the test. Since the secondary school leave test has been executed, English language students and understudies with incapacities will in general have the most minimal breeze through rates on the test, yet just 4 out of the 25 states with current or arranged leave tests offer extraordinary a lternatives, other than test facilities. While states take an interest and join the powers of actualizing secondary school leave tests across the country, the expense wherein it will take to back these tests isn't actually secured. Regularly the expense of leave tests is forced on areas with practically no help from the state and regions decrease other training projects to take care of these concealed expenses (www.cep-dc.org September 2006). It is uncalled for to expect understudies to breeze through assessment on material they haven’t been instructed and schools presently can't seem to get new course readings, and instructors haven’t been prepared to norms. By expecting understudies to take the secondary school leave tests, an excessive number of understudies would not have the option to move on from secondary school, placing them in danger of disappointment throughout everyday life and expanding their odds of dropping out. Training specialists dread that the secondary school leave tests will threaten understudies and lead to higher drop out rates, particularly among low pay or incapacitated understudies and Black and Latino secondary school understudies who fall flat at higher rates than white or Asian understudies. The Manhattan Institute for strategy research utilizes two profoundly regarded rate estimations to make sense of if the secondary school leave tests are powerful or not. The outcomes show that receiving a secondary school leave test has no impact on state’s graduation rate. A few states set the secondary school leave test to a center school level, in light of that where is the secondary school understudy in any event, being tested or when understudies in secondary school ought to get ready for school. The secondary school leave test gives off an impression of being an exercise in futility. The â€Å"real† issues in the instruction frameworks that should be fixed are the poor learning conditions, instead of a secondary school leave test. A statement I went over that doesn’t bolster the secondary school leave test stated, â€Å"Exit tests disturb existing imbalances and never really improve scholastic greatness. They are a fake fix to a complex problem.† (New York Times article by Applied Research Center, Feb. 24, 1999.) The most gathering of understudies that give off an impression of being having the challenges are the minorities. In view of that, the secondary school leave tests could be singling out the minority gathering of understudies and causing a wedge between the a wide range of societies in our country. Secondary schools as of now have class evaluations, portfolios and last test of the year, necessities so as to graduate and get a certificate, consequently the additional secondary school leave test makes another worry for understudies and these estimations are unmistakably progressively exact determinants of both their exhibition and their insight. After broad examination on whether secondary school leave tests are important and successful so as to graduate and get a secondary school confirmation, I’ve arrive at the resolution to accept that secondary school leave tests ought not be required so as to graduate and get a secondary school recognition. I feel that yes they could help schools and educator evaluate on regions in the learning educational plan that need improvement. In spite of the fact that, by requesting this leave test numerous understudies who are scarcely making it could be kept down and get disheartened, subsequently dropping out of secondary school where they may have gotten an opportunity on the off chance that it wasn’t for the leave test. The secondary school leave test isn't totally lined up with the educational plan that is being instructed in schools, so the understudies are not really even arranged, when the opportunity arrives to take the test. Understudies as of now have graduation prerequ isites which they need to keep up so as to graduate, for instance finals, reports, portfolios, accordingly this secondary school leave test could be harming them more than helping them. I accept there are numerous different issues inside the training frameworks, for example, qualified instructors, satisfactory learning situations and adequate learning materials. So by applying the secondary school leave test the genuine issues are not being fixed, however just being conceal by a futile test. Work Cited Hoor Bahnpuri, Susuan K. Sexton, â€Å"State secondary school leave test: covered up cost†, Focus on Education Policy, 2006, cep-dc.org Daniel Weintraub, â€Å"High school leave tests under fire† Logically right, July 21, 2003, scientificallycorrect.com Jack Jennings, â€Å"State secondary school leave tests: A difficult year†, Focus on Education Policy, August 2006, cep-dc.org Kavan Peterson, High school leave tests on the rise†, Stateline, May 23, 2005, Statline.org Eric Kelderman, High school leave tests set low bar, Stateline, June 10, 2004, Stateline.org Jay P Greene, Ph.D., Push Out or Pulled Up? Leave tests and dropout rates in open high schools†, Manhattan foundation for strategy research, May 5, 2004, manhattan-institute.org Exploration Papers on Required High School Exit ExamsS

Language and Intimacy Free Essays

Kanye East 03/15/2013 English Language and Intimacy Language characterizes the sort of individual we are. It has an effect on our decisions just as our way of life. Contingent upon companions, family, and others we converse with, our decision on language will in general change. We will compose a custom paper test on Language and Intimacy or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Our choices throughout everyday life, now and again, are impacted by the language we use and our environmental factors. Language has become a method of seeing life in an alternate point of view. In any case, would language be able to impact closeness? Family closeness to be definite. Richard Rodriguez, an essayist and open speaker, expertly delineates his own involvement in this in his life account, Hunger of Memory. Rodriguez’s youth was especially one of a kind given the way that while he was brought up in the United States, he was firmly impacted in the ethnic condition of a Spanish family. Despite the fact that the peruser is acquainted with just a short extract from the collection of memoirs, he learns a lot about Rodriguez’s family and his relationship to it, his contention of speaking  English versus Spanish, and the oddity that got clear as he utilized English as his essential language. Since learning English, youthful Rodriguez noticed the absence of closeness there was in his home. Did the comprehension of another dialect influence the exceptionally close family? While I read this collection of memoirs, there were huge amounts of thoughts that struck me. It was extremely intriguing on the grounds that such huge numbers of the various parts could identify with my life. Being brought up in America, English was naturally my first language. All things considered, my folks were enthusiastic about causing me and my kin to become familiar with their local tongue, my dads Yemeni culture and my moms Turkish culture and in particular, our religion. When they can, my folks selected me and my kin in Arabic school and Islamic investigations. There we figured out how to peruse, compose and smoothly communicate in Arabic and furthermore remember and study the Holy Quran. At home, my mom educated us on the Turkish language. The substance of my youth was of culture and language however as me and my kin got more seasoned, the language blurred. Our once consummately communicated in Turkish and Arabic, broken. I couldn’t deny the way that my Arabic was not as solid as in the past however it turned into the most obvious to me when my grandparents came over from abroad. They just came one time previously, when I was more youthful and knew the language of their tongue. The updates on them going to our home from Yemen carried me to the cellar, experiencing piles of old shading books and photographs urgently searching for my old Arabic books. Recollecting the pages and pages of Arabic welcome and expressions, I looked significantly harder. After at long last discovering it at the base and a shrouded pile of books, I sat. The surge of wistfulness returned yet when I opened my mouth to peruse, it was a faltered mess. The words I once read so smoothly were currently what appeared to be a calligraphy of memory. Now, I knew the book wasn’t going to do much for me. Rehearsing the expressions I definitely knew, and said every so often, I discovered an ever increasing number of approaches to make them sound like their not all I know. Overlooking the way that they were. The day came and by this point I needed to get the mortification and disillusionment over with. As I strolled down the stairs to welcome them, recognizable voices and scents of incents filled the air. Their grins and embraces eradicated all the concern. Furthermore, as we stayed there tuning in to them snicker and think back with my dad, me and my kin all participate on the discussion. With the language of closeness. This collection of memoirs activated numerous considerations on language and closeness. Of all conceivable human characteristics, the one that uses the most force is the capacity to utilize, comprehend and convey successfully through language. A capable utilization of language permits us to unmistakably impart a precise thought starting with one individual then onto the next individual or gathering of individuals. This exact study of having the option to pass on precisely what you need likens to the obtaining of intensity. As solid and incredible as language seems to be, It didn’t influence closeness. Step by step instructions to refer to Language and Intimacy, Essays

Blog Archive mbaMission Consultant Spotlight Daniel Richards

Blog Archive mbaMission Consultant Spotlight Daniel Richards Daniel Richards earned a bachelor’s degree in journalism from Northwestern University and later received his MBA from Columbia Business School, with a focus on marketing and corporate strategy. Before attending business school, Daniel was a writer and editor for several print and online publications, and spent three years as the retail and consumer packaged goods editor for SmartBrief, Inc., a publishing company specializing in email newsletters for trade associations. His clients at SmartBrief included the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and the National Retail Federation. While at Columbia, Daniel was active in the Marketing Association, and his cluster elected him to represent the group in alumni development activities. After graduating, Daniel worked in online marketing and product development at American Express in New York City, where he developed an expertise in digital marketing and strategy, as well as social media. His accomplishments include designing and launching the first Am erican Express social media app, managing a company-wide Innovation Challenge and relaunching a small business email newsletter reaching one million customers. Daniel also managed the online marketing strategy for the first-ever Small Business Saturdayâ€"a complex, multichannel event that is credited with having the fastest-growing Facebook page in history. Daniel relocated to Washington, DC, in 2011 to focus on growing his marketing consulting business. He has also been a member of the editorial staffs of  Washingtonian  magazine and  Moment  magazine and authored the initial version of the mbaMission Insider’s Guide to Columbia Business School. Quick Facts: Received MBA from: Columbia Business School Undergraduate field of study: Journalism Fields worked in before mbaMission: Media and marketing Working style: Flexible What Past Clients Are Saying: Daniel not only pulled through, he was a windfall of help in the 11th hour. He was informative, completely transparent as to the process and what he could and couldn’t do, and above all, the quality of his guidance was stellarâ€"I felt infinitely more confident about my difficult situation, and I know I handled it in the application 10x better than I would have otherwise. Daniel made a huge impact, without question. Dan was thoughtful, diligent, an expert word-smither, a great sounding board, and overall a great resource to have throughout my application process. Dan definitely wants his clients to succeed and always follows through to see how the process went. He went above and beyond throughout the whole process! Watch Daniel’s Video: Share ThisTweet mbaMission Consultant Spotlight

Organizational Culture and Environment - 5941 Words

QUESTION 1: PERFORM SWOT ANALYSIS ON A LOCAL BUSINESS YOU THINK YOU KNOW WELL. WHAT IF ANY, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE DOES THIS ORGANIZATION HAVE. ANSWER 1: SWOT Analysis †¢ Strengths o Ufone has network coverage in over 750 cities o Ufone provides international roaming facility across 79 countries. o It offers multimedia messaging (mms) o U tune (which was launched on 4th December 2007) which attracted more customers. o It is affordable by the common man (not only the elite class). o Ufone was the first cellular Company in Pakistan that introduced the service of GPRS and hence took the competitive advantage. o Ufone has some exciting and energetic SMS packages that made SMS almost free. They are offering Rs. 25, Rs.50, Rs.100,†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Threats: o As Ufone is cellular company and there is cut throat competition among cellular companies in Pakistan. There are six other companies also working in Pakistan so Ufone would have to face some growing competitive pressures. o Pakistan is facing some serious economic problems now days so that would also affect Ufone. The current recession in market is not good for any kind of business including telecommunication. o Ufone penetrated in the market from 2005 to 2006 quite rapidly but since then it is experiencing a bit slower growth. o By the arrival of China Mobile Company (Zong) in cellular industry of Pakistan the Ufone and other companies now have to face the severe competition. As, Zong is introducing some various attractive packages of both SMS and calls to attract customers. Ufone have to develop strategies to counter their strategy and to survive in the market. o The key threat to Ufone is also some adverse Government policies of implementing Tax on telecommunication industry that will ultimately affect the revenues. o There are some rumors about the shares of PTCL in the market. Being the Subsidiary company of PTCL, Ufone will also be affected by that. Comparative advantage: Ufone telecommunications although in a very competitive market has managed to stay on top in a few aspects. Unlike mobilink and telenor, Ufone has a very large market and has achieved in covering a large population of Pakistan through itsShow MoreRelatedThe External Environment and Organizational Culture846 Words   |  4 PagesThe External Environment and Organizational Culture Chapter 2 I. Systems Theory of the Organization a. Figure b. Open systems – organizations that are affected by and that affect their environment c. Inputs – goods and services organizations take in and use to create products or services i. Raw materials, services, equipment, capital, information d. Outputs – products and services organizations create ii. Products, services e. 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Andrà ©, Sjà ¸vold, Rannestad, Ringdal, (2014) report, â€Å"researchers have also found that nurses working in contexts with more positive culture, leadership and evaluation reported more research utilization, staff development and lower rates of patients and staff adverse events† (p. 449). Therefore, it is important that health care organizations focus onRead MoreWhat Is Organizational Culture?1204 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is organizational culture? â€Å"organizational culture refers to the beliefs and values that have existed in an organization for a long time, and to the beliefs of the staff and the foreseen value of their work that will influence their attitudes and behaviors† (Tsai, 2011, â€Å"Abstract,† para. 1). Yafang Tsai (2011) defines it as â€Å"the belief that can guide staff in knowing what to do and what not to do, including practices, values, and assumptions about their work (para. 6). 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For any organizational culture and structur e to function properly, it seems as thoughRead MoreOrganizational Change Plan Procedure1406 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Organizational Change Plan Table of Contents Abstract: 3 Introduction: 4 Description of the current situation: 4 Key factors surrounding the current situation: 4 Reasons for change: 5 Sense of urgency for change: 5 Description of the desired change: 5 Pursue for change: 6 Particulars necessary for change: 6 Particular change desires: 6 Leadership skills necessary for change: 6 Detailed plan for transition: 7 Steps in a change process: 8 Theoretical model of leadership:Read MoreCostco Wholesale Is A Retail Warehouse Club With 698 Stores1613 Words   |  7 Pagesmillion club members worldwide (Costco Wholesale, n.d.). The following analysis identifies the organization’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats by examining Costco’s organizational environment, leadership strategies and human resource techniques. SWOT Analysis Strengths †¢ Friendly and Supportive Work Environment †¢ Solid Leadership Base (Founder) †¢ Inclusion Program Weaknesses †¢ Work-Life Balance – Work Hours †¢ Poor Leadership Skills †¢ Seasonal and Temporary Hiring Practices Opportunities

Essay on A Seperate Peace - 671 Words

â€Å"A Separate Peace† by John Knowles Separate Peace What really happened in the tree? Gene and Finny were very good friends; however, whatever happened in the tree the day the Finny quot;fellquot; out, is the actual cause of Gene â€Å"†¦My knees bent and I jounced the limb†¦Ã¢â‚¬  page 52. In fact, Finny did not fall out of the tree, but Gene had actually pushed him out. Gene had very good reasons to push him out â€Å"Finny had put him up to it, to finish me fro good on the exam.† Page 49. He pushed him out of jealousy for two things. For athleticism, and for his popularity, and also for his ability to talk his way out of anything.. First, Finny was a very athletic person; however, Gene is just a normal average day person. Gene couldnt stand†¦show more content†¦Finny was able to talk people into doing anything, just by how he acted. Moreover, he was able to invent a new sport because of his athleticism. Another example of finny being better and saying, quot;I can do it and you cantquot;. Gene knew as a fact that he could not invent a new sport and get enough attention for it. Gene could not do many things that Finny was able to do, such as talk his way out of anything. During summer school, Finny was able to talk his way out of getting in trouble a couple times. When he and Gene had skipped dinner to go to the tree, they were caught when they were walking back. All he did was talk to the teacher right there, and nothing ever came up about again. Another time was when Finny was at the headmasters house for tea, he was wearing a tie as a belt, but the odd part was that it was the school tie. Again, Phineas explained to the headmaster, that wearing the school tie as a belt, contributed to the war effort. All he had to do was explain it, and he never got in trouble again. Gene probably wished he had the ability to do that; however, he knew that only Finny could do it, and with such ease . When Gene and Finny road to the beach, it was Finny’s idea in the first place. They spent the night on the beach and when they got back Gene fails his triginometry test. Later Gene claims that Finny did it on purpose to lower his grade and make Finny look good. They never really told what Finny’s intentions reallyShow MoreRelated A Seperate Peace Essay898 Words   |  4 Pages A Separate Peace Essay In the novel, A Separate Peace by John Knowles, the protagonist, Gene Forrester â€Å"battled† within himself to find â€Å"a separate peace† and in this process directed his emotions at Phineas, his roommate. Forrester and Phineas formed the illusion of a great companionship, but there was a â€Å"silent rivalry† between them in Forrester’s mind. Self deceptions in Forrester led him to believe that Phineas was â€Å"out to get him† (Forrester). Subconsciously Forrester jounced the limb of theRead MoreA Seperate Peace, By John Knowles1414 Words   |  6 Pages A Seperate Peace Maturity Essay (First Draft) Introduction: Almost every human being in the worlfd matures, the person can mature physically and/or mentally. In A seperate peace, by John KNowles, an ongoing that comes up several times during this novel is is maturation or maturity. Many characters in this melodramatic novel, if not all of them end up maturing in this novel. World war 2 made some characters like Leper Lepellier mature more then if there hadnt been a war.Also as the story progressesRead More Seperate Peace Summary Essay850 Words   |  4 Pages A Separate Peace Gene Forrester is a quiet, intellectual student at Devon School in New Hampshire. During the Summer Session of 1942, he becomes close friends with his daredevil roommate Finny, who has a talent for getting away with mischief through his sincere, disarming charisma. Finny prods Gene into making a dangerous jump out of a tree into a river, and the two start a secret society based on this ritual. Gene envies Finnys astonishing athletic abilities, and he begins to suspect thatRead MoreHow The Two State Solution Can Solve The Arab / Israeli Conflict825 Words   |  4 PagesIsrael said, In my vision of peace, in this small land of ours, two peoples live freely, side-by-side, in amity and mutual respect. Each will have its own flag, its own national anthem, its own government. Neither will threaten the security or survival of the other†¦ If we receive this guarantee regarding demilitarization and Israel s security needs, and if the Palestinians recognize Israel as the State of the Jewish people, then we will be ready in a future peace agreement to reach a solution whereRead MoreTribal Criminal Jurisdiction 1124 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Indigenous Tribes had their own languages, customs, and legal systems. These legal systems were completly new to the Europeans, because they did not focus on the Anglo norms of ctime and punsihment, instead, they focused on the restoration of peace and tranqui lity within the tribe. When any members had a disagreement, they would present the problem to the tribal elders who would sit with the two parties and their families and simply talk; they would talk until a unified decision could be madeRead MoreMalcolm X Essay1719 Words   |  7 Pagesunlike Malcolm X who is building the thoughts of separation. That is bad because then the idea will be passed on from parents to kids which will make it harder to change the mindset of those people. Martin Luther King thought integration would lead to peace between both races. Martin Luther King shows us how he wants both races to collaborate together in his speech â€Å"The Future Of Integration†, when he said â€Å"If we are to make brotherhood a reality, the white man must treat the Negro right, not merely becauseRead MoreIs Nuclear Power the Way to Go? Essay1458 Words   |  6 Pagesway to go? Nuclear Power? What is nuclear power and why do so countries pursuit it or ask to be ban? According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency nuclear power is created through a process call fission where uranian atoms are seperate which leads to the release of energy (paragraph one, epa.gov, 4/22/2011). The first major investment on nuclear power was seen in the Manhanttan Project. The results of the Manhanttan Project were seen on the island Japan during World War Two, whereRead MoreWhat Led to the Collapse of Consensus?1489 Words   |  6 Pagesreligions. The numbers were small living in the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco and the East Village of New York City. They spoke of peace, love and beauty. They were the free people. Hippies were the physical representation of the collapse of consensus. Integegral to the counter culture were rock festivals. Here, hippies folowed the music of â€Å"peace and love†. Groups like the Gratful dead and Jefferson Airplane. A number of rock festivals gave expression to this including: Crosby Stills andRead MoreUs Foreign Policy Essay902 Words   |  4 Pagesa lot of the bad blood and simering fiery emotions that still existed between England and the US were slowly calmed in part to a couple of new treaties. While relations were fixed, it would seem that many US officials wanted to keep the country seperate from others. A strong belief during the first 50 years of the US existence was to remain completely neutral with all countries and not get involved in wars or conflicts. This idealism was known as Isolationism and practically every founding fatherRead MoreEssay On Love And Hate In Romeo And Juliet883 Words   |  4 Pagesquote proves my argument of love overcoming hate because without love, they feud would not be broken. With the feud still kept alive, more people may lose their lives. The two families are coming together to mourn the loss of the children and making peace. Sitter, 3 The Lords realize that their feud did not allow people to love who they wanted to, and in conclusion

The Psychological Evidence Support The Claim That...

To what extent does the psychological evidence support the claim that individuals will blindly conform or obey commands from an authority figure, even when this involves inflicting harm on others? One definition of conformity given by the Oxford English dictionary is ‘behaviour in accordance with socially accepted convention’. Conformity is common among humans and within society, however much people like to think of themselves as individuals. It has even been seen that people will obey commands that hurt others in order to conform. This can be seen in several experiments conducted over the years with some producing surprising results. The controversial study of Milgram (1963) is a behavioural study of obedience and therefore a prime piece of evidence with results that support the claim that individuals will obey commands from an authority figure, even if this involves potentially inflicting harm upon others. Forty male participants were used within this study, all which were paid on their arrival. This was a varied sample as all participants varied in occupation, age and level of education however, as females were not used this could be considered to be participant bias. All participants believed they were assigned the role of teacher by random and were asked to administer electric shocks to another person who they believed to be a volunteer but who was, in fact, a confederate. No real shocks were administered but the participant believed them to be so. They were lead toShow MoreRelatedManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesmarketing channel distribution, and entirely new patterns of employee recruiting, development, and training. In addition, product and services launches increasingly require more effective development initiatives. Rapidly increasing numbers of new offerings—from Web-oriented modules to credit cards—are being commoditized in months or even weeks instead of the periods of years on which companies had counted for cash flow. Increasingly demanding consumer and industrial buyers are basing their purchasing decisions

Death Of A Salesman Essay Example For Students

Death Of A Salesman Essay Topic: Willy constantly laments about how things had changed from the time they built the house to now, when things have become completely modern/urban. Hypothesis: The actual physical changes that take place in the environment and the surroundings are synonymous of the changes that take place in the Loman family. 1) Social changes a) During the World War II era b) Willys family used to be a happy family filled with joy whereas now the whole family split and has many problems. Biff and Willy do not get along, this is due to many factors but the most is that Willy had a relationship with another woman in Boston, hiding it from his mother. Before, Willy had a strong relationship with his sons, where they always believed in his views and thought that he was a very successful person. 2) Economical changes a) During the time of the Great Depression b) Before, Willy used to be a good salesman who could afford to buy a house in the countryside where it was free of pollution, although he did use a large loan, whereas now it is quite the opposite. He still didnt repay all of his loans. He has to constantly take money from his good friend Charlie every week. He got fired from his job and has failed to give his family a good future. Both Biff and Happy do not have steady jobs. 3) Environmental changes a) The degradation in the physical aspects- buildings come up, less supply of air, no breeze outside. Also the similar effect of family compared to the surroundings. b) Trees have disappeared, children have also disappeared. c) Choking feeling that Willy gets because of the pollution and commercial areas surrounding the house is similar to what he feels about the family. d) Beautiful place before whereas now it is not so beautiful, this refers to how his family was perfect before and now its completely out of place. Presentation: Good morning everyone, as all of you may know, Arthur Miller wrote this book with a setting duringthe post-Great Depression era. This has a wide range of effects on the social and economical crisis going on at the time. He also refers to when Willy first bought his house, it was during a time of great economical and social growth and relief where one need not worry about the war or the financial situations as it was during a time of peace and a well-balanced economy throughout America. There are many physical changes that took place from the time when Willy first moved into the house compared to when he is an old man. Before, it used to be in a luxurious countryside, which only the people in the upper class could afford to buy land in the area. Now, it is in the center of the city, packed with high buildings. This same thing has a similar effect on the family, as it does to the house. Before, everything was so peaceful and calm, it was like a living a dream. Now, because it is surrou nded by buildings and there is barely any room to move about through the whole area, it is not an ideal location to live in. As this is an effect to the surroundings, the family also went through the same change. Before, the whole family was in harmony whereas compared to now, the family is split where both the sons have moved out of the house and Willy has become old and illogical, trying to chase a dream which is physically far out of his reach, but is still mentally intact in his mind. Another addition to the house and its environment is the degradation of trees around the area. Over the years, lots of trees have been cut down to make more room for buildings that were needed to come up along the whole area. This was due to the infrastructural advancements through the whole area. This also refers to an indirect effect on the Loman family. The quote goes as follows: As the trees have gone, the children have also disappeared. Both the sons, Biff and Happy Loman move out of the house as time progresses. The same effect is also on the trees surrounding the area as time has progressed, all the trees have vani shed from the area. Another way on how the outside area of the house has an indirect effect on the Loman family is the amount of pollution that has accumulated over the years. Lots of commercial complexes have risen in the same neighborhood which the Loman house is located and this has caused a lot of pollution within the area. Enduring Love: How satisfying are the three appendices as conclusions? EssayCharley felt that Willy hasnt seen the reality of life yet and still chooses to live in his illusions. Years have passed with this since Biffs football career has been long over and he has still yet to maintain a stable job. After coming back from the western country side to his house, Willy tells Biff to go back to Bill Oliver in search of a job. Biff used to work for him but he has done a bad deed which Mr. Oliver might keep as a grudge. Due to this, Biff was very shaky on whether he should go to Bill or not, but Willy convinces him to go in search of a job. So he decides to go meet Bill Oliver in search of a job. After meeting Bill Oliver and realizing that he didnt even remember him, Biff finally understands that his life in business is just a joke and that it was a waste of time to continue. This underlines the theme of the play as it shows how he saw his life the way he wanted to and was in his own il lusions and dreams for fifteen years until he met reality. Biff realizes now that success doesnt come easily, and that he should do what he wants in life. Biff takes Bill Olivers fountain pens while a rush of anger and confusion is going through his mind. Because Oliver didnt even recognize Biff, he had an urge to just go into his office and just take what he could to satisfy and calm himself. Biff cannot tell his father what happened with Bill Oliver because he doesnt want to disappoint him. He knows that his decision to meet Bill made Willy extremely happy, and he was ashamed as Bill Oliver wasnt even able to give him a job, yet recognize him. And even when he had tried to tell Willy any bad news, Willy would jump to conclusions and wouldnt give him the proper chance or time to let Biff explain himself. Willy wants to take the easy shortcuts to everything and has influenced his sons to do the same. Because of this, both Biff and Happy do not realize how hard each of them must work for them to become successful and therefore although both are in their 30s and their peak years probably have been over, they are still struggling for a stable job. Willy in the end does commit suicide, but he only does this for the welfare of his family. He has life insurance and his family will receive a great amount of money if he dies. In the end at his funeral, no one shows up for his funeral, although he has reputated himself to be a very popular man among everyone. All these effects show the deterioration of his family from before when the house was surrounded by a beautiful countryside to now where there is lots of pollution around the wh ole area.

Platos Republic Essays (1068 words) - Philosophy, Virtue, Ethics

Plato's Republic Virtues contribute to people's actions in today's society. Society as a whole has a common set of virtues that many people agree on. In today's society, these are known as laws. Virtues also mold the individual outlook on life, and give them the moral's to do what is right. In The Republic, Plato divides the city into three classes: gold, silver, as well as bronze and iron souls. Each class is designated to posses a specific virtue. He believes that wisdom, courage, moderation, and justice combine together to form The Republic. However, Plato's four virtues individually do not necessarily produce a utopian society. A combination of the four in each citizen is imperative in producing the ideal society. In Plato's search for the perfect "republic", he decides that the basis of the city will be on four virtues. The first of them is wisdom. Plato defines wisdom, in Greek terms "Sophia", as knowledge of the city as a whole. Of the three classes, the gold souls posses the virtue of wisdom. The gold souls are the only class whose knowledge goes beyond the mere facts to the level of true wisdom. "...This class, which properly has a share in that knowledge which alone among the various kinds of knowledge ought to be called wisdom, has, as it seems, the fewest members by nature" (429a). The second virtue that Plato defines is courage, which in Greek terms is "Andreia". Courage is the preservation of the opinion produced by law, through education about what things are terrible, and what things are good. Courage can be found in the silver souls. Plato uses the example that when dyers want to dye wool, they start with the background. They need the right kind of white material, and they have to prepare it carefully; and if they go to this trouble, you can not bleach the color out. If they do a poor job of it, the cloth quickly becomes washed-out and faded. Plato used the dyeing analogy to state how he wishes to train the silver souls (429d- 430b). He states that the people will undergo a precise training. Certain music and physical activity will only be allowed. Plato wanted a good upbringing to make the right ideas permanent in them, so that the bleach of pleasure, grief, fear, or death, would not wash the true colors from their souls. "For, in my opinion, you regard the right opinion about these same things that comes to be without education- that found in beast and slaves- as not at all lawful and call it something other than courage" (430b). Once they got to this point of having a clear, firm grasp of what is really dangerous to a man, they knew their only task was to show courage. The third virtue in The Republic, is moderation. The Greek term for moderation is Sophrosune. Plato defines moderation as the kind of accord and harmony between the bronze and silver souls. Moderation is the ability to control desires and to be the master of ones self. There are two things at work in a man's heart. One is good, and one is bad. The bad can overwhelm the good. If the people have bad training or keep company with the wrong people, the bad force grows powerful and can overwhelm the good. If the good one controls them, then there is moderation; but if the bad one controls, they are a slave to their own desires and that they are out of control or unprincipled. "If, therefore, any city ought to be designed stronger than pleasures, desires, and itself, then this one must be so called" (431d). When a city as a whole is moderate, it is in harmony. Moderation is different from wisdom or courage. It is found not just in the gold and silver souls, but as something that runs throughout the city. "Three of them have been spied out in our city, at least sufficiently to form some opinion. Now what would be the remaining form thanks to which the city would further partake in virtue? For, plainly, this is justice" (432b). The fourth and final virtue in The Republic is justice. Justice, or in Greek terms, "Dikaiosune", is defined by Plato as minding one's own business. Justice comes about when every person in the republic is doing what he or she is set to do. The shoemakers make only shoes, and the farmers only deal with agriculture. When everyone minds their own business and does what he

Mitochondria and Chloroplast Essay Essays - Cellular Respiration

Mitochondria and Chloroplast Essay Essays - Cellular Respiration Mitochondria and Chloroplast Essay name = Fnord Discordia email = [emailprotected] publish = yes subject= Biology title = Mitochondria and Chloroplast Essay Biology Mitochondria and Chloroplast Essay I. Introduction Out of all the organelles there are two that have fascinated microbiologists for the past hundred years. The first is the mitochondria, nicknamed the "powerhouse of the cell." The second is the chloroplast in plant cells that have functions similar to those of the mitochondria. What do these organelles do? What are the similarities and differences of these organelles? This essay will help you to understand these two fascinating organelles. II. Mitochondria Mitochondria are small cytoplasmic organelles. They are five to 10 micrometers long and one to .5 micrometers wide. They main function is to provide energy for cell activities. They house the respiratory enzymes that convert oxygen and the products of fat, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP), chemicals that have high-energy bonds. They are hollow all except for a folded line of matter that contains the ribonucleic acid (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the cell. Mitochondrion make use of a process known as oxidation to make fat acids and pyruvate acid into (indirectly) ATP and Pi (inorganic phosphate). The process goes as follows: 1) Oxidation of pyruvate acid into acetyl coenzyme A. 2) Oxidation of fat acids into acetyl coenzyme A. 3)Oxidation of acetyl coenzymes from step one and two into CO2 and NADH2. 4) Oxidation of NADH2 by oxygen forming water. 5) Synthesis of ATP coupled to NADH2 oxidation by process of oxidative phosphorylation. Most of this is self explanatory except for the last step (5). The final step contains a phrase "coupled to." This means that the compound (NADH2) must be present and have been oxidized for the synthesis of ATP, similar to a catalyst's presence of some reactions. Although the mitochondrion's major purpose is to supply the cell with the much needed ATP, it has others. Included in this list are nitrogen metabolism, porphyrin synthesis and steroid hormone synthesis. III. Chloroplasts Chloroplasts are complicated green organelles that occur within the cytoplasm of plant cells. They are the main sites of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the change of light energy, CO2 water into sugar which is used as food. They are disk shaped organelles and are surrounded by two layers of membrane that enclose the watery inside or stroma. Inside the stroma there are green dots called grana (grains) that hold chlorophyll. As with the mitochondrion the Chloroplasts use radiant or solar energy to make a product. In this case hexose. 1) The pigment complexes in the chloroplasts (including but not limited to chlorophyll) collect solar energy. 2) The light energy gathered in the first step is used to run an electron transport chain that oxidizes water into 0xygen. NADP is reduced. 3) ATP synthesis is coupled to the electron transport train. 4) Carbon dioxide is fixed and converted to hexose. This process requires ATP and the reduced NADP created in step three and two respectively. IV. Conclusion Both the mitochondria and the chloroplasts have complex purposes in the cell. This first as the powerhouse that creates energy for cell activities. The second, chloroplasts which produce food that is used to power the cell. These procedures are facinating and more could be learned if time would allow it. Bibliography: Cytoplasmic Genes and Organelles. Sager, Ruth. 1972. London. Genetics and Biogenesis of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria. Bcher, Th. . 1976. Amsterdan. Mitochondria, Chloroplasts and Bacterial Membranes. Prebble, J N. 1981. New York. Methods in Enzymology. Volume 207. Rudy Benardo. 1992. San Diego.

Child and Adolescent Obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Child and Adolescent Obesity - Essay Example After discussing the causes underlying rising obesity, the authors refer to the outcomes of obesity in children's current and future social and biological life. They further relate the enhanced obesity with certain psychological disorders in a children's life. Thus, the book is a broad in scope and draws a classical outlook to childhood obesity by referring to its causes and consequences in terms of physical and societal problems, and probable steps to be undertaken for prevention and management. The book signifies the complexness of the subject and therefore proves to be a valuable and informative guide for everyone associated with childhood obesity. Susan has based this book upon the idea of fighting back the ever-rising monster of childhood obesity. She presents important statistics arousing concerns for the Americans as 'the fattest generation' and pinpoints the negative impact it has on health of children. Susan views and projects several adverse consequences of obesity on health and social lives children including inferiority complex and investigates various causes underlying it. She regards unhealthy eating habits and "couch potato" attitudes as the major factors causing obesity. She is of the view that physical activities seem to be severely diminishing in the society leading to an inactive lifestyle: The lifestyle of most U. S. ... S. children today is far more sedentary than that of kids who grew up a few decades ago. The reasons are many and include sprawling suburbs; cutbacks in school physical education programs; work schedules that prevent many parents from being available to supervise after-school play; the lure of the passive entertainment provided by television, computers, and video games (118). She propounds several ways to overcome obesity and informs parents and families of effective programs undertaken for this purpose. She regards reduction in non-physical activities as the essence of this fight-back: "a key initial goal for many families might be reducing the time kids (and adults) spend watching TV, sitting at the computer, and playing video games each week and substituting other, more active ways to have fun" (119). JOURNAL ARTICLES Subrahmanyam, Kaveri, et al. The Impact Of Home Computer Use On Children's Activities And Development. Children And Computer Technology. 10.2 (2000): 123-144. Subrahmanyam's article investigates into the possible impacts of increased computer use among the American children. In the beginning of the article, he raises concerns about the increased access of US kids to the home computers and notes the arguments raised by the proponents of enhanced computer use among children. After that, he proposes probable harmful impingements of home computer use among children. He also relates enhanced computer usage to the minimization of healthful physical activities on the part of the children and uses several studies and evidences supporting his argument. He says: It appears that greater access to home computers may actually be increasing children's total "screen time," that is, time spent using a computer, playing video games, and watching

Tort Reform Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tort Reform - Essay Example The escalating cost of medical bill has been attributed to excessive litigation also; therefore, the bill aims at reducing litigation by promoting patient safety. Hence, â€Å"states that apply for a grant to work on patient safety issues, rather than on other dispute resolution techniques† (Jones, 2010). In the opinion of Barack Obama, the new tort reform would improve patient safety and medical liability terms. According to Thomas Gallagher, an official of University of Washington, the goal of the reform is to improve the culture of health care communication with the objective of mitigating medical malpractices and thereby increasing patient safety. He adds that the proposed changes would provide better communication training to health care workers. Similarly, the J. D. of New York State Unified Court System, Judy Kluger argues that the reform would protect the patients who get injuries by providers’ mistakes. Kluger also says that costs associated with medical malpra ctices can be minimized by the introduction of the proposed tort reform (Point of Law.com). The state of Texas successfully implemented the tort reform in 2003 in order to improve the efficacy of the patient- friendly ‘malpractice laws’ in 2003.

Compare and Contrast of Agriculture Technology Between hang Dynasty and Han Dynasty Essay Example for Free

Compare and Contrast of Agriculture Technology Between hang Dynasty and Han Dynasty Essay For the past five thousand years, human civilizations have existed on the earth and constantly reforming and contributing to our society. The excellences human made are unprecedented, and the experience theses civilizations cumulated can also be continuously studied by the people nowadays. This year, we learnt many great civilizations, among the civilizations in ancient China, the Shang dynasty and the Han dynasty are the most outstanding civilizations. Their cultures are distinct and their contributions are tremendous. Although now we can find their stories, cultures and inventions only on history books, their contributions and achievements are still having deep affection to us. Agriculture is a very significant part of a civilization. Without agriculture, making progress is impossible. Agriculture is the foundation of everything. Agriculture is a good reflection of science and technology in a civilization. During the comparing and contrasting of the agriculture of Shang dynasty and Han dynasty, we can get a deeper understanding of the great knowledge and intelligent of the people of the two dynasties. We can also discover the development and progress they have made. The Shang dynasty is the second dynasty in Chinese history. The Shang Dynasty last from 1600 B. C. to 1046 B. C. and experienced three big stages. The Han dynasty can be divided into two historical period which are western Han dynasty (202 B. C. to 9 A. D. ) and eastern Han dynasty (25A. D. to 220 A. D. ) Both Shang dynasty and Han dynasty are important civilization in Chinese history. Also, both dynasties made big breakthrough in agriculture. From the research of a large number of archaeological material and oracle records, archaeologists concluded that the Shang dynasty is operating mostly on agriculture. Although at that time, the handicraft industry has been developed, agriculture is still the ifeline of the economy during Shang dynasty. Basically, the main type of agriculture during Shang dynasty was glebe farming, and in the southward of Shang dynasty, which is the Yangtze River area, the popular agriculture type was paddy fields farming. A very important reason that stimulates the development of agricultural technology during the Shang dynasty is the development of bronze industry. During Shang dynasty, the bronze industry developed very quickly. Especially in the late Shang dynasty, the development of bronze industry came into its own stage. The appearance of bronze tools made the agricultural technology developed quickly. The question that most people will concern is that how did people in Shang dynasty make bronze tools? It is true that it was a very hard process for people in the Shang dynasty to make bronze tools. So, at the beginning, the amounts of bronze tools are very limited. People in the Shang dynasty usually use carpentry tools including knife, adz, and axes to make bronze tools. In the middle Shang period, craftsmen can already made variety kinds of bronze tools like shovels, Jues, adz. However, at that time, there were no enough sources of cooper metal compared with sources of stone tools; also, the process of making bronze tools is complicated. As the result, in the middle period of Shang dynasty, bronze tools were not widely used. Also, most of the bronze tools were under the control of agricultural officers. Civilians and slaves cannot have these bronze tools. They can only use the heavy farm tools like stone spade, axes. Then, at the late period of the Shang dynasty, this problem got solved because of the expansion of the production scale. At the same time, the appearance of irrigation technology and the strict management also helped to make the development of the agriculture in the Shang dynasty. As the main production department during the Shang dynasty, the developed agricultural technology provided the society with lots of food, in this way, a large number of people leave the career of agricultural production and began to work in other aspects for example business people, officers, soldiers, professional producers and so on. The government of Han dynasty put lots of effort on the restore and development of agricultural. Han dynasty began after the perish of Qin dynasty. At the beginning of the Han dynasty, because of the long period of wars occur during the late period of the Qin dynasty, the agricultural and economy paralyzed. The people died in the wars are mostly farmers, as a result, the labor decrease and there‘s not enough people to take care of the cropland. At that time, the total population went straight down from 20 million to 8 million. Emperor Gaozu of Han solved these problems and agriculture of Han dynasty restored and developed very quickly. There were lots of innovations and invention of agriculture during the Han dynasty. These achievements can be divided into three aspects. Firstly, there are huge developments towards the irrigation. Secondly, there are improvements of agricultural tools and technology. The third one is the cultivation of crops and vegetables. At the beginning of the Han dynasty, there are flood from upstream the Yellow River every year. It is a big hazard to the residents who lived in the downstream of the Yellow River. Their croplands got destroyed and some of them lost their houses. Emperor Wudi of Han lead his people solved this problem. Thirty thousand people work together to remove the siltation of the river and planted trees on the upstream of the river. After this recuperation, there was no big flood occurred in the Yellow River. There are lots of interesting and useful inventions during the Han dynasty. Above is agriculture equipment called Libi. Libi is a plow equipped with a double moldboard. People put Libi on a plough can turns up the soil on each side of the furrow. With the Libi, the efficiency of cultivation increase. The application of Libi is a big improvement in agriculture. Also, it is nearly 1000 years earlier than Europe of using the similar thing. Above is another invention which is called Lou. It is an animal- drawn seed plough. It has three feed. With Lou, people can do cultivation job three rows at a time. Lou can do three tasks: opening ditches, sowing, covering with soil at one time. Lou made farmers during the Han dynasty save much times and did more works. Lou increased the efficiency of the busy working farmers. The popularization of cultivation works with cattle would be another development on agriculture during the Han Dynasty. At that time, the most popular ways of cultivation are two people with three cattle and one people with two cattle. The ways that cultivation using cattle made people worked easily. The third achievement that we mentioned above is the cultivation crops and vegetables. Firstly, people made the cultivation of crops regionalized. In the northern area, people grew wheat, and In the Yangtze River area and Southern area, people grew rice. Also then the scales of the cultivation get larger. Another impressive improvement on agriculture is the cultivation of vegetables. During the Han dynasty, people already has variety chooses of vegetables including the vegetables we usually eat now like celeries, carrot, taro, green onion, garlic and so on. The most amazing thing is that during Han dynasty, people already learnt to grow vegetables in the greenhouse. During the eastern Han period, there were over 20 kinds of vegetables grew in the greenhouse. The use of greenhouse is one thousand years earlier than Europe. The biggest difference of agriculture between Shang Dynasty and Han Dynasty is the mode of production. Shang dynasty is a slavery society, slaves worked collectively. Also, During Shang dynasty, the croplands were all belonged to the emperor of Shang, and he put the land law of serf society into practice. As the image show above, at that time, the roads and channel crisscross and partitioned the cropland into squares. The emperor of Shang forced people work on the cropland. The outside parts are private fields and the inside part is public field. On the opposite, during the Han dynasty, people live and cultivation in the unit of a family. People have their own croplands. This kind of mode of production was usually described as small-scale farming by individual owners. Nowadays, in the remote mountain area or countryside, people are still using this kind of mode of production. A question may come out, why the first kind of production mode didn’t last long and in the contrary the second kind of production mode last till today. In my opinion, in the Shang dynasty’s example, people don’t have their own croplands. They work hard but the wheat and rice that come out of the croplands did not belongs to them, so they are not satisfy with the works they are doing. In contrast, with the second kind of mode of production, people are glad because if they put more effort, they will get more payback, so they are satisfy with their works and willing to do better. From the analyzing of the agriculture technology and development of Shang dynasty and Han dynasty, we can certainly conclude that the development in agriculture of both dynasties are significant and they both show their incredible intelligence to us. Their inventions and new ideas gave us inspirations. We can also see the huge improvement from Shang dynasty to Han dynasty in the 800 years. Their progresses are starling.

Lord of the Rings :: essays research papers

In the The Lord of the Rings, by J. Tolken, there are many things that make the story symbolic of a Christian influence. The constant emphasis of good vs. evil brings forth reason to suspect that this novel has a Christian basis. In this paper I will prove and backup my personal opinion through sighting specific examples of the influences from the book. Iluvatar is similar to a Christian god and the Valar are something in the middle of Christian angels and the gods of pagan myth. The highest of the Valar was Morgoth, who led a satanic rebellion; Sauron was the lieutenant of Morgoth. The Lord of the Rings is only one chapter of that mythology; it continues the fight of good (Iluvatar) vs. evil (Morgoth). One of the people in the book that particularly stood out was Tom Bombadil. Tom says one of his purposes is to "teach the right road, and keep your feet from wandering." In the bible it says, "...your ears will hear a voice behind you, saying, this is the way; walk in it." (Is. 30:21). As the hobbits begin their journey, they fall into trouble with Old Man Willow and are rescued by Tom Bombadil, who possesses power over Nature. They don’t really understand who he is, all he will say is, â€Å"Eldest is what I am.† In Christian Philosophy the eldest are the wisest and best at making disicions it seems that Tom represtents that elderst wise man. Tom acts almost like an angel it seems, he will only help when worst comes too worst to intervene in outside affairs. This is what Tom Bombadil does in rescuing the hobbits from Old Man Willow. Another one of the big things is the black rider who is the servants of the enemy. Though all Free People oppose Sauron, the elves have been his greatest enemy, which is why the Black Rider immediately leaves when he hears the elves' voices. Elves are immortal (unless slain) In one of the scenes the Riders chase down Fro do at the Ford. As they wade their horses into the river, they are swept away in an enormous, magical flood. In the bible the story of Joshua, the waters of the river are "stacked up" in a similar manner, allowing God's people to cross into the promised land before the river resumes flood stage. And remember the deal with Moses and the Red Sea?

Employee Empowerment and Motivation Essay

Employee empowerment is â€Å"the process of enabling or authorizing an individual to think, behave, take action, and control work and decision making in autonomous ways. It is the state of feeling self-empowered to take control of one’s own destiny† (Heathfield, n.d., 1). In other words, giving the employees the power and ability to make decisions that affect not only their department but the company as a whole as well. Empowerment has become an increasingly used human resources (HR) catchphrase when analyzing the corporate world of today. Empowerment of the employees can increase employee morale, improve company performance, and improve employee relations, however is not an overnight process. All levels of employees, supervisors, and executive management have to work together and be properly prepared in order to make an empowerment program successful. Improving Employee Morale In many corporate organizations, the lower level employees often feel unappreciated and underutilized. Often, employees can feel like just another number, destined to do the same thing day after day with all decisions being made by upper management. When companies adopt an employee empowerment approach, these feelings can be reduced or even eliminated. Allowing, and even mandating employees to have a say in company decisions makes them feel important to the success of the company. Employees want to be heard and they want their opinions to matter. The most effective morale booster is for an employee to see his or her idea become a company policy. When this happens, the employee feels more valued and being recognized as an important contributing part to the company. Improving Company Performance Another benefit of employee empowerment programs is usually a noticeable improvement in company performance. The simple explanation for this fact is that employees who are most familiar with the day-to-day processes have the best hands on knowledge to be able to implement educated changes and improvements to those processes. Often, many members of management and the corporate officers are hired into their jobs based on education and experience with other companies; they often never worked their way up within the current company and have therefore, never experienced the day-to-day processes. Therefore, decisions made by those officers are often solely based on hypothetical situations and projected  profits; they are often so focused on the bigger picture that they overlook the details. However, when the employees performing the job are asked to make decisions, they look at from the bottom and up and take those forgotten details into consideration. Improving Employee Relations When employees are not involved in company decisions, often they operate within their own confined department. Often, the employees take actions without thinking about the repercussions of their actions to other departments; this is done mostly out of lack of communication of what those repercussions might be and not understanding how each process inter-relates. When employees are given the empowerment to make company decisions, it encourages open communication. Once employees know that they are going to be held responsible for their decisions and that those decisions will impact the whole company, they will take the time to work with other departments to investigate how things affect the company as a whole. This serves to not only achieve better decision making but also opens lines of communication and strengthens the company feeling of being more of a family unit. Making Preparations For Employee Empowerment Although employee empowerment seems like a simple concept, it cannot be implemented without preparation. All levels of employees within the company must be prepared and in agreement with the idea in order to make it work. Expectations must be communicated from the top most levels of management down to the base employees and vice versa in order for empowerment to work. Flat OrganizationOne of the first steps in successful employee empowerment programs is the flattening of the organization structure and its organizational chart. When the organization has too many decision makers and not enough line employees, conflict is inevitable and empowerment will not be successful. This change in organization may include the restructure of elimination of jobs to eliminate the dictatorial chain of command and bring all employees closer to the result. This transference of responsibility to the employees allows management to focus on other things such as researching new ideas and processes that are presented by the employees. Employee and Management ResistanceWhenever a company adopts an employee empowerment program, resistance from all levels is expected. Supervisor and Management level employees will often resist empowerment programs because they feel are giving up control that they worked hard to achieve. The human nature to enjoy a feeling of control and empowerment threatens that control. Supervisors and managers must be counseled in advance to make sure that they understand that their input is still crucial and important and that empowerment of their employees will be for the betterment of all parts of the company. One would think that employees would jump at the chance to participate in employee empowerment programs. However, many employees often balk at the opportunity. They often lack the self-confidence to make decisions they know will affect the whole company. Others believe that empowerment is just another word to justify piling more responsibility on the employees. According to Abrahamson (2004) in which he discussed how organizations can go through change overload and how employees can experience change fatigue and burnout. To prevent this, employees must be convinced of the positive effects of employee empowerment. The company must strive to make the employees understand that the program is being implemented because the company values their experience and opinions and truly values their input. EducationOften, both management and employee resistance is caused by the feeling the employees do not have the knowledge needed to make the proper decisions for the company. Education is the key answer to this fear. By educating the employees about the company as a whole and the operations of those outside of their own department, confidence in the employees’ decisions is heightened. Education about the empowerment process in general will also help to quell fears by clearly defining everyone’s role within the company following the changes so that everyone knows what is expected of them and is confident with their future within the company. Conclusion Employee empowerment is an important part of the successful operation of today’s organizations. By allowing the employees to have in an  input in company decisions not only lifts their morale, but more use of their experience and knowledge with day-to-day operations to make better decisions. This allows the company to service their clients better and ensure the continued success of the company within their market. Companies looking to start empowerment programs should take the time to educate employees completely and discuss the program benefits with all employees at all levels. This will help ensure that all employees are committed to the program and to ensure its success. â€Æ'References Abrahamson, E. (2004), Change Without Pain. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, Retrieved April 4, 2009 from http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Tr-Z/Trends-in-Organizational-Change.html. Heathfield, S.M. (n.d.). Human resources: Employee empowerment. Retrieved April 4, 2009 from http://humanresources.about.com/od/glossarye/a/empowerment_def.htm.

The Decision Of Reserve Bank Of Australia - 1595 Words

This essay investigates the possible decision of Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) about cash rate to be made on 5 May 2015.The appropriated level of cash rate depends on the current economic conditions, both domestically and internationally. Also, it will be based on the three main objectives of monetary policy including price stability, full employment and the stability in economic growth. This essay will discuss the current economic conditions which are consistent to the tendency of cash rate that might be cut from 2.5 to 2 per cent in the next meeting. The essay provides three arguments for this possible decision including the decline in in business investment and business confidence, low commodity prices and the economic growth in major†¦show more content†¦Consequently, the business confidence is deteriorating based on the NAB’s business survey (NAB Group Economics, 2015). It appears that the weakness of economy is due to the lower mining sector’s contribut ion to economy and some non-mining sectors cause lead to the low level of business confidence. Also, Mulligan stated that despite RBA decided to keep the cash rate unchanged by 2.25 for 18 months to support the confidence of private and business sector, business confident â€Å"had slumped 3 index points to 0 in the last week of February† (Mulligan, 2015,para.2). This means that the further decline of cash rate is required to support the spending and investment of business sectors. Although mining investment and business confidence remain low, investment in dwelling represents a positive sign for the economy (RBA, 2015b). In addition, the forecast of National Bank of Australia on March (2015) expected that â€Å"dwelling investment [will increase] by 2.6 % within quarter 4 in 2016† and â€Å"much stronger growth of 12% and 7% over 2015 and 2016 respectively† (p.11). Regarding to the favorable trends of dwelling investment, it is believed that dwelling investment can be compensation to the decline in mining investment as the resource can be